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Books & Authors

Famous books and their authors — ancient and classical Indian literature (Vedas, epics, Kalidasa, Kautilya, Banabhatta), medieval and modern Indian works (Tulsidas, Kabir, Premchand, Tagore, Bankim Chandra), English writing by Indian authors (Naipaul, Rushdie, Roy, Ghosh, Narayan, Anand), autobiographies and political writings (Gandhi, Nehru, Ambedkar, Kalam), world classics, literary awards (Jnanpith, Sahitya Akademi, Booker, Pulitzer, Nobel), and pen names — with the facts that objective papers ask for. Recent award winners change every year; check the latest.

📑 Contents (7 sections)

Last reviewed 30 Sept 2026 · Facts as of 30 Sept 2026 · 10 min read

Ancient and classical Indian literature

Work Author / note
Vedas (Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva) compiled by Ved Vyasa (traditional); the oldest is the Rigveda
Upanishads, Puranas, Brahmanas
Ramayana Valmiki (the "Adi Kavi") — in Sanskrit; Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas (Awadhi; 16th century)
Mahabharata Ved Vyasa; contains the Bhagavad Gita; the longest epic in the world
Arthashastra Kautilya (Chanakya); on statecraft and economy; the discovery by R. Shamasastry (1905)
Manusmriti Manu; law code
Abhijnanashakuntalam, Meghadutam, Raghuvamsam, Kumarasambhavam, Ritusamhara Kalidasa (the "Shakespeare of India"; a Gupta-era court poet)
Mrichchhakatika Shudraka
Mudrarakshasa Vishakhadatta
Harshacharita, Kadambari Banabhatta (the court poet of Harshavardhana)
Ashtadhyayi Panini (Sanskrit grammar)
Mahabhashya Patanjali
Yoga Sutras Patanjali
Charaka Samhita / Sushruta Samhita medicine and surgery
Aryabhatiya Aryabhata; astronomy and mathematics
Brihat Samhita Varahamihira
Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma (fables; Sanskrit)
Hitopadesha Narayana Pandit
Kathasaritsagara Somadeva
Gita Govinda Jayadeva (12th century; Bengal)
Rajatarangini Kalhana (a history of the kings of Kashmir; the first historical work in Sanskrit)
Lilavati, Siddhanta Shiromani Bhaskaracharya (Bhaskara II)
Sangam literature (Tamil) Tolkappiyam (grammar) by Tolkappiyar; Silappadikaram by Ilango Adigal; Manimekalai by Sittalai Sattanar; Tirukkural by Thiruvalluvar
Ain-i-Akbari / Akbarnama Abul Fazl (Akbar's court)
Tuzuk-i-Babari (Baburnama) Babur (Turki); Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri — Jahangir
Kitab-ul-Hind Al-Biruni (the Arab traveller with Mahmud of Ghazni)
Indica Megasthenes (the Greek ambassador at Chandragupta Maurya's court)
Si-Yu-Ki Hiuen Tsang (the Chinese pilgrim, Harsha's time)
Fa-Hien's account Fa-Hien (Gupta time)
Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh Badauni
Kavirajamarga Amoghavarsha (Kannada)
Vachana Sahitya Basavanna (Kannada)
Dnyaneshwari Dnyaneshwar (Marathi commentary on the Gita, 13th century)
Bijak / Kabir Granthavali Kabir (the couplets, dohas)
Padmavat Malik Muhammad Jayasi
Sursagar Surdas (Krishna devotion, in Braj)
Prithviraj Raso Chand Bardai
Pratigya Yaugandharayana and 13 plays Bhasa

Modern Indian literature

Work Author
Anandamath (with Vande Mataram), Durgeshnandini, Kapalkundala Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Gitanjali (Nobel Prize 1913), Gora, Ghare Baire (The Home and the World), Chokher Bali, Jana Gana Mana Rabindranath Tagore
Devdas, Shrikanta, Parineeta Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Pather Panchali Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
Samskara (Kannada) U. R. Ananthamurthy
Godan, Gaban, Nirmala, Rangbhoomi, Karmabhoomi, Idgah, Kafan Premchand (Dhanpat Rai; the "Upanyas Samrat")
Kamayani Jaishankar Prasad
Madhushala Harivansh Rai Bachchan
Kurukshetra, Rashmirathi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
Gunahon ka Devta Dharamvir Bharati
Tamas Bhisham Sahni
Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh
Malgudi Days, The Guide, Swami and Friends R. K. Narayan
Untouchable, Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Kanthapura Raja Rao
Umrao Jaan Ada Mirza Hadi Ruswa
Chemmeen Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai (Malayalam)
Ente Katha (My Story) Kamala Das
Indulekha O. Chandu Menon (the first Malayalam novel)
Ponniyin Selvan Kalki Krishnamurthy (Tamil)
The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, An Autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru (Nehru's Discovery of India was written in Ahmednagar Fort prison, 1944)
My Experiments with Truth (Satya na Prayogo), Hind Swaraj, Sarvodaya M. K. Gandhi
Annihilation of Caste, The Buddha and His Dhamma, Who Were the Shudras? B. R. Ambedkar
Wings of Fire, India 2020, Ignited Minds, My Journey A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
The Indian Struggle Subhas Chandra Bose
Hindu View of Life S. Radhakrishnan
India Wins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
The Story of the Integration of the Indian States V. P. Menon
A Suitable Boy, An Equal Music Vikram Seth
The Namesake, Interpreter of Maladies (Pulitzer 2000) Jhumpa Lahiri
The God of Small Things (Booker 1997), The Ministry of Utmost Happiness Arundhati Roy
Midnight's Children (Booker 1981), The Satanic Verses, Shame Salman Rushdie
The White Tiger (Booker 2008) Aravind Adiga
The Inheritance of Loss (Booker 2006) Kiran Desai
Sea of Poppies, The Shadow Lines, The Glass Palace, The Hungry Tide Amitav Ghosh
Half a Life, A House for Mr Biswas V. S. Naipaul (Nobel 2001)
Heat and Dust Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (Booker 1975)
The Guide (Sahitya Akademi 1960) R. K. Narayan
Sacred Games Vikram Chandra
Five Point Someone, 2 States Chetan Bhagat
Geetanjali Shree — Tomb of Sand (Ret Samadhi, Hindi) International Booker Prize 2022 — the first Hindi and the first Indian-language novel to win
Banu Mushtaq — Heart Lamp (Kannada short stories, translated by Deepa Bhasthi) International Booker Prize 2025

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