Last reviewed 4 Nov 2026 · 2 min read
1. Early phase
- Rampa rebellion of 1879–80 — hill tribes of the Godavari agency rose against the mansabdar and the British.
- Vandemataram (Swadeshi) movement, 1905–08 — Bipin Chandra Pal's speeches at Rajahmundry, Kakinada and Machilipatnam (1907) roused the Andhra districts; the Kakinada riot and the Andhra Jateeya Kalasala (national college) at Machilipatnam (1910) followed.
- Andhra Patrika (founded 1908 by Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao) — leading nationalist paper.
2. Non-Cooperation (1920–22)
| Campaign | Fact |
|---|---|
| Chirala–Perala movement (1921) | Led by Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya ("Andhra Ratna") — the people left the town in protest against its new municipality and taxes, living in a camp called Ramnagar |
| Pedanandipadu no-tax campaign (1921–22) | Guntur district — ryots refused to pay land revenue |
| Palnadu forest satyagraha (1921–22) | Villagers defied forest laws on grazing |
3. The Rampa rebellion of Alluri Sitarama Raju (1922–24)
- Led the Koya and other tribes of the Godavari–Visakhapatnam agency against the Madras Forest Act and forced labour.
- Raided police stations (Chintapalli, Krishna Devi Peta, Rajavommangi) for arms; used guerrilla tactics.
- Captured and killed on 7 May 1924; remembered as "Manyam Veerudu" (hero of the forests). The district Alluri Sitharama Raju is named after him.